ABSTRACT
Objective: To evaluate the association between abuse of and dependence on different psychoactive substances and the presence of anxiety disorders in a sample of young adults from a city in southern Brazil. Methods: Between 2007 and 2009, we carried out a cross-sectional, population-based study of individuals aged 18-24 years who lived in Pelotas, a city in southern Brazil. We evaluated anxiety disorders using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI), and use of psychoactive substances with the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST 2.0/0MS). We used Fisher's exact test for univariate analysis, and Poisson regression models with robust variance for multivariable analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 1,560 young adults. The overall prevalence of abuse/dependence was 26.9% for alcohol, 24.9% for tobacco, and 7.3% for illicit substances. Individuals with agoraphobia had a 32% higher prevalence of tobacco abuse/dependence (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.32 [95%CI 1.01-1.74]). Individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) had a 2.41-fold (95%CI 1.22-4.77) and 1.76-fold (95%CI 1.00-3.11) higher prevalence of illicit substance abuse/dependence, respectively. Conclusion: In this population-based sample, we found associations between GAD, PTSD, and increased prevalence of illicit substance abuse/dependence. In addition, individuals with agoraphobia seem to have increased tobacco abuse/dependence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotropic Drugs/adverse effects , Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/epidemiology , Tobacco Use Disorder/epidemiology , Alcohol-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/complications , Anxiety Disorders/etiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Cluster Analysis , Cross-Sectional Studies , Alcohol-Related Disorders/complications , Agoraphobia/complications , Agoraphobia/etiology , Agoraphobia/epidemiology , Interview, Psychological , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Tontura é uma das queixas mais freqüentes no consultório médico tanto primário quanto especializado. Muitos dos pacientes que se apresentam com tontura sem causa orgânica aparente, portanto considerados como portadores de tontura idiopática, podem ter um distúrbio psiquiátrico. Além disso, mesmo a tontura de causa orgânica pode desencadear ou exacerbar alterações psiquiátricas "latentes". Um dos distúrbios mais comumente associados à tontura é o Distúrbio do Pânico, com ou sem Agorafobia. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar o caso de uma paciente com essa associação e realizar uma revisão da literatura relacionada ao assunto.
Dizziness is one of the most frequent complaints in both primary and specialized medical care facilities. Many dizzy patients, without a known organic cause, considered as having idiopathic dizziness, may have a psychiatric disorder. Besides, even organic dizziness may cause or exacerbate latent psychiatric alterations. One of the most common disorders associated with dizziness is Panic Disorder with or without Agoraphobia. The aim of this paper is to report a patients case and make a literature review on the subject.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Agoraphobia/complications , Dizziness/etiology , Panic Disorder/complications , Agoraphobia/drug therapy , Anti-Anxiety Agents/therapeutic use , Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation/therapeutic use , Panic Disorder/drug therapyABSTRACT
Verificar a incidência de prolapso valvar mitral (PVM) em portadores de transtorno do pânico (TP) com e sem agorafobia. Sessenta e cinco pacientes (37 mulheres) com idades entre 19 e 67 (média 39,8) anos. O diagnóstico de PVM baseou-se na presença de estalido mesotelessistólico (EMS) e/ou de sopro mesotelessistólico, com em dados ecocardiográficos: deslocamento mesotelessistólico de uma ou de ambas as cúspides da mitral, 2 mm ou mais, posteriormente à linha de uniäo dos pontos C-D (modo "M") ou movimentaçäo sistólica de pelo menos uma das cúspides da mitral, além do plano do anel valvar, nas incidências apical e para-esternal, eixo transversal (modo bi-dimensional). Sinais clínicos e/ou ecocardiográficos de PVM foram encontrados em 29 (44,6%) pacientes, sendo 12 (42,6%) dos homens e 17 (45,9%) das mulheres. EMS foi auscultado em 19 (29,2%) e sinais ecocardiográficos de PVM foram identificados (39,6%), ambos em 14 (23,6%) pacientes. A incidência de PVM em portadores de TP é maior do que a da populaçäo em geral, de modo mais acentuado no sexo masculino